The aim of this study was to present the clinical and high-resolution CT scan findings of angioinvasive pulmonary aspergillosis (APA) in 12 patients who underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). The CT scans were reviewed by three chest radiologists who assessed the pattern and distribution of findings by consent. There were 7 (58%) female and 5 (42%) male patients, with aging between 5 and 50 years (average of 26 years). All patients were submitted to BMT for the treatment of hematological conditions. The diagnosis of APA was defined between 5 and 373 days after BMT, with average of 111 days. Three cases (25%) were diagnosed in the neutropenic phase after the BMT, five (42%) in the early phase and four patients in the late phase post-BMT. Regarding high-resolution CT (HRCT) scan findings, nodules were found in 75% of the cases (9/12), most of the cases with more than 10 lesions (7/9) and of centrilobular localization (6/9). Consolidations were identified in seven patients (58%), being single in six, and commonly presenting ill defined borders (n=3) and subsegmental localization (n=5). Ground glass attenuation was found in six patients (50%). The halo sign was observed in nine cases (75%). Cavitations were seen in two air-space consolidations and one large nodule (2.5 cm). Patients submitted to BMT presenting respiratory symptoms and nodules or consolidations with halo sign at HRCT scan need to have the diagnosis of angioinvasive pulmonary aspergillosis included in all the post BMT phases.

We report two cases of varicella pneumonia in immunocompetent patients, with emphasis on high-resolution computer tomography manifestations. The predominant findings consisted of multiple bilateral nodules, ranging from 1-10 mm in diameter, with or without a surrounding halo of ground-glass attenuation. Other findings include ground-glass opacities, focal areas of consolidation and small pleural effusions.

A tuberculose é doença infecciosa causada pelo Mycobacterium tuberculosis e tem na forma pulmonar a sua apresentação mais comum. A disseminação da doença é comum em pacientes imunodeprimidos. Entretanto, imunodeficiência relacionada à gravidez suficientemente severa para causar disseminação da micobactéria é rara. Quando a disseminação ocorre, qualquer órgão pode ser afetado e, quando ela se faz para o sistema nervoso central, apresenta-se mais comumente como meningite ou tuberculoma único. Relatamos o caso de uma paciente de 17 anos na 34ª semana de gestação com sintomas pulmonares e hipertensão intracraniana. No dia anterior ao internamento a paciente apresentou episódio súbito de paraparesia e retenção urinária. A paciente evoluiu para parto normal e dez horas após apresentou paraplegia. A radiografia simples e a tomografia de tórax foram compatíveis com tuderculose miliar. A tomografia de crânio mostrou múltiplas lesões hipodensas arredondadas nos hemisférios cerebrais e cerebelares, as quais apresentaram realce anelar após injeção de contraste. A paciente foi submetida à craniotomia com biópsia de uma das lesões, que confirmou o diagnóstico de tuberculoma. Iniciou-se tratamento com regime tríplice e a tomografia de crânio realizada um ano após o diagnóstico foi normal.

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which has the pulmonary form as the most common presentation. Dissemination of the disease is common in immunocompromised patients, but immunodeficiency related to pregnancy severe enough to cause dissemination of the Mycobacteria is exceedingly rare. When dissemination occurs, any organ may be affected and in central nervous system, the infection presents as meningitis and single brain parenchyma tuberculomas. We report the case of a 17 year-old woman at the 34th week of pregnancy with respiratory and high intracranial pressure symptoms. On the day before admission she had a sudden onset of paraparesis and urinary retention and ten hours after the delivery she presented with paraplegia . The chest X-ray and CT scan were compatible with miliary tuberculosis. The cranial CT scan revealed numerous rounded hypodense lesions located at cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres, which presented ring-like enhancement after contrast injection. The patient underwent a craniotomy with biopsy of the lesions confirming the diagnosis of brain tuberculomas. The three-drug regimen was started and the cranial CT scan performed a year after diagnosis showed no brain lesions. We emphasize the aggressive dissemination of the disease in this case associated with pregnancy and the importance of early diagnosis and institution of therapy resulting in regression of the lesions.